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December 11, 2003
Bacon & Hot Nihilism

One of Francis Bacon's wonderful sayings: he confesses that intellectually he is 'totally without hope', but that his 'nervous system is optimistic'. A far more powerful and encompassing vision than that of 'cool', disenchanted nihilism, which is always such a pose, an outward-projected vision of an etiolated state of mind.
Bacon's is a conception of a meaningless world in which, nevertheless, as an animal, one is subject to the intensities and sensations of the rhythms of perception, and as a human, is drawn to re-produce these rhythms. This is the only sense Bacon was able to make of his own work. Not representation of outward appearance, but a more or less transformed reproduction of blocks of rhythm which would act directly on the viewers' nervous system.
Contrary to first appearances (he was always saying there was nothing to say), there never was an artist so sure not only in his vision, but in his articulation of what he did, and how he did it, and Bacon's ideas repay interrogation. If we are to take these initial comments seriously, would it not make more sense for Bacon to do exactly what he spent his whole life avoiding like the plague - to take the path into abstraction? Surely nothing could better fulfill the criteria of 'acting directly on the nervous system' than, say, a huge striking canvas of bright red. Wouldn't that fit the bill better than Bacon's still partially-figurative pictures? The figurative element of Bacon's work will always remain baffling unless we give thought to this conception of rhythm.
We must look at the concept of rhythm as a sense underlying all perception - an idea with a philosophical, cultural and more recently scientific pedigree. As expressed by Michel Chion:
"[...W]hen a rhythmic phenomenon reaches us via a given sensory path - this path, eye or ear, is perhaps nothing more than the channel through which rhythm; reaches us. Once it has entered the ear or eye, the phenomenon strikes us in some region of the brain connected to the motor functions, and it is solely at this level that it is decoded as rhythm"
There is a channelling of rhythms, rhythms which are traits of bodies, of situations (the rooms and cages Bacons figures find themselves in), of states of becoming, and of internal and external tensions within bodies - howls, retches, screams ('I wanted to paint the scream, more than the horror'). Thus, 'Man with Dog'(1953) is making us feel like - better, become; in the D&Gian sense, the animal. And only secondarily to reflect upon the experience. The strokes themselves have a caninity that is not reducible to that which they depict. The act of painting is a becoming-man-dog-painting in which, if the work is successful, the viewer can partake.
This is a very specific way of understanding rhythm. One can sometimes sense it, noting a comparison between ones own movements or bodily state, and a memory of seeing; some other body in similar states or movements. For example, you scratch your head in a certain way, and you realise that is exactly what your father did, or it was a habit, a transmitted tic you picked up from a lover. Now, it would be ridiculously convoluted to say that you had noticed a representational identity between a remembered visual image, and an imaginary external observer's visual image of yourself performing the action. It would very probably not even be true to say that you compared the memory with your own visual image of yourself performing the action. More economical and appealing to say that the identity of the two is an identity of rhythm - and furthermore this similarity is not an external one (for it got from there; to here; by the most esoteric route). It is a fortuitous sign of a plane where our bodies are immense sounding-boards; traversed by vibrations, sometimes singly and onimously, sometimes in groups, and recognizable. Some are fleeting, some move in to stay, all are infectious to some degree.
Insofar as the paintings are apparatuses for channelling these rhythms through the medium of paint, the figuration in Bacon is totally contingent and accidental;. However, insofar as they are necessarily concerned with human feeling, with the human body, the link between a perception of the rhythms of inhabiting the body and its visual representation is a natural one, but is only one element contributing towards the image.
The added appeal of this way of thinking, as well as making sense of Bacon's figuration, is that it reconnects visual art to the body, to the human psyche as shaped by embodiment. The opposite movement from abstract art, which sought to purify it into a sort of mental gymnastics. Bacon railed against this throughout his life.
Two connected questions now suggest themselves: why are Bacon's figurations more successful than those of any naively realist hobby painter, in this 'channelling'; and by what means was it achieved?
It must be Bacon's method of working that makes this channelling possible: becoming possessed by the rhythms he wishes to convey, the painter allows chance to take over. Some voodoo alchemy, allowing him to effect this profound sympathy. What is chance?
By throwing paint at the canvas and desperately trying to 'make something of it', he moves away from an original mental conception of the depiction, through a wilderness of despair. He makes of the body a type of transducer, a assemblage of meat through which vibrate the songs of animal history, the earth, and the trauma of civilizations. There is nothing here of the humanist rhetoric of expression, self-expression. Bacon hated all of that with a vengeance. Equally, there is nothing random;. It is all coaxed, with skill, with dedication. Bacon dedicated his life (and not just in his work) to courting and navigating despair, uselessness and hopelessness, because it was the route to activate chance. In the casino, Bacon heard voices telling him what numbers were going to come up; he left with tens of thousands, and blew it all, he didn't know or care how - it was the process of activating chance that mattered.
Chance is not at all randomness, it is the unfolding of the memories and rhythms of the body, and through it the cosmos, according to an unknown plan(e). Randomness is an irrelevant construct of Reason, immeasurably stupider and less important than chance.
How are these states of 'channelling' achievable? One thinks of Freud's experiments with psychoanalysis, depriving himself of sleep so as to accidentally, through an involuntary automatism, stumble on the secrets of the unconscious. Bacon like to work heavily hungover, allowing things to happen before they made sense.
Here we pause to take a backward glance at cool nihilism, the indifferentists and their conception of art as reflecting something intrinsic about our disaffected age and our place within it - their affected pose of being 'chance observers' of 'random phenomena'. Understanding what chance is, we will not hesitate to denounce them as stylists and poseurs; for what could be further from the unfolding of the body, skilfully coaxed, than this uptight mannered indifference of these pieces, each of which is carefully selected to exude cool untainted air?
Fittingly, I'm too tired to know whether this makes sense any more. As Francis would have said: Champagne for my real friends, real pain for my sham friends. Cheerio.
Posted by robin at December 11, 2003 04:08 AM
Comments
Francis Bacon makes me sick, literally. Not in the moral sense as a reaction to the subject matter (people aren't sickened by that anymore), but rather as a kind of motion-sickness. I rate the Pope Innocent paintings as highly as getting hideously saturated with alcohol or riding on a violently elaborate roller-coaster - the sort of things that people who have an easy acceptance of their own infantilism get pleasure from (contrary to the cool nihilists who would not be seen dead in such a state).
We're fascinated by the actual psychophysical effects of looking at them. The shapes that move in and out of focus. The colours that seem both strong and indeterminate. The way in which one moment you are sure that you are looking at a Pope, and then all you see is a sad old man - spirit/flesh - renaissance/modern - guilty/innocent. Again it must be stressed that these movements do not point to a moral resolution, but simply back to a screaming vommiting rythmic perception. Only a drinker could really know that giddy feeling of a perception not quite staying still for long enough to become a thought, phasing in and out and in as something not exactly the same. This rythm of imebriation simultaneously pushes you away from the screen on which the movement is played out and draws you back into it through a fascination.
By imposing a rythm of blurring and re-focussing onto the canvas the intensive basis of perception is itself brought more strongly into focus. Contray to Velazquez (from whose Pope Innocent Bacon moved), it is not a rational model of perception built from geometrically placed mirrors (an entirely different Order of Things), but a complex pulsating matrix in which beats overlap and figurations swell up.
Back to infantilism (they think they are insulting him with that name) - Bacon gives us a taste of what it is like to have the perception of a newborn.
More? Here's a good site: http://www.francis-bacon.cx
Posted by: Rob at December 11, 2003 10:29 PM
"Chance is not at all randomness, it is the unfolding of the memories and rhythms of the body, and through it the cosmos, according to an unknown plan(e)." - like grasping for something that seems definite (a perception, an object), only to find that the act of moving towards it causes the rest of the field in which it sits to move, and thus present a different set of combinations to deal with.
That's what it is to be a body. But of course as the body is itself one of those things in the world, it is doubly so - the body is chance or a constant risk.
Posted by: Rob at December 11, 2003 10:58 PM
Glad that this was not quite as incoherent as it seemed at the time.
Deleuze's book on Bacon is excellent (but the sylvester interviews are better, also Daniel Farson's biog is the only one worth reading) - except for the (eng. translation) publisher's totally stupid decision not to include any of the illustrations (which Deleuze insisted should be printed parallel to the text). It's a classic example of Deleuze's approach to writing as in the famous quote (history of philosophy as a giant assfuck)...Only in bacon's case one can be fairly sure that he would have taken as much if not more pleasure in the 'immaculate conception' ;)
Posted by: robin at December 12, 2003 11:58 AM
Bacon was brought up (!) in the history of art course that i followed last term. We watched the old Channel 4 program by Matthew Collings on Bacon. On the whole I don't think he got the point, but there was a good anecdote about the only direct encounter between Collings and Bacon - he claims to have seen Bacon moving in the opposite direction while travelling up an escalator in an underground station (i suspect both parties may have been pissed). Anyhow, that feeling of awkwardly looking up at someone who is at the same time moving towards you, and vascillating between being sure you recognize the figure and then losing that certainty, is the same giddy physical feeling that you get from looking at Bacon's paintings.
And yes it is a more interesting feeling than looking at the purely abstract/constructivist patterns of, for example Bridget Riley (http://vgallery.warwick.ac.uk/gallery/ExhibitionPaged.do?path=h_1/g_100/e_work_52), the fact that he can do that with a figurative work really does make it more disturbing.
Posted by: Rob at December 12, 2003 12:27 PM
The problem with reproductions lies with the estate, I believe (that's more of a surmise than inconcussible assertion – it might just be a typing error, but the Amazon entry for the Continuum edition [correctly] gives 224 pages, as compared with 264 for the Minnesota edition).
Re Farson, it's a little known fact that Tony Warren based Hilda Ogden on a drag act who used to be a regular at his pub, The Waterman's Arms.
Posted by: sphaleotas at December 12, 2003 01:40 PM